Carl Amand Mangold

Carl Ludwig Amand Mangold (8 October 1813 – 4 August 1889) was a German composer, violinist and conductor.

Between 1836 and 1839 he studied at the Paris Conservatory and made the acquaintance of Berlioz, Chopin, Meyerbeer, Liszt, and Clara Wieck.

After his return to Darmstadt in 1839 he became the director of the local "Musikverein", which in the course of the following years performed all of his major oratorio and cantata works.

His second opera, Tannhäuser (1845), was written at the same time as Wagner's work of the same title, but without mutual knowledge.

[2] After Mangold's death the music was refitted to a new libretto by Ernst Pasqué as Der getreue Eckart (1892).