Carl Erik Alexander Bovallius (or Bowallius) (31 July 1849 – 8 November 1907) was a Swedish biologist and archaeologist.

During the 1870–1880, he conducted several European research trips, for scientific purposes, including travel along the Swedish and Norwegian coasts.

Starting in 1881, Carl Bovallius explored Central America, and especially Nicaragua, in search of ancient sites.

[5] From 1897 to 1900, on behalf of an English company, he made extensive trips to Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, the Caribbean, and Central America to study rubber forests.

The ethnographic and archeological collections from his travels in Central and South America are at the Museum of Ethnography, Sweden.