Carl Eduard Hammerschmidt

Karl Eduard Hammerschmidt, also known as Abdullah Bey (1800, Vienna – 30 August 1874, Anatolia), was an Austrian mineralogist, entomologist, and physician.

He also studied medicine, with an emphasis on anesthesiology, and served until 1848 as the editor of the Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung, an agricultural newspaper published in Vienna.

Along with other revolutionaries from Hungary, he entered Turkey, and soon thereafter was employed as a teacher of medicine, zoology, and mineralogy in the medical school of Constantinople.

Austria demanded that Turkey deport him, whereupon Hammerschmidt moved to Damascus, where he worked as a hospital physician.

He founded the Natural History Museum of the Imperial Medical School of Constantinople, and was among the founders of the Turkish Red Crescent.