Carl Hermann Kraeling (1897–1966), an American theologian, historian, and archaeologist; born in Brooklyn on March 10, 1897, and died in New Haven on November 14, 1966; he is known for his publications on the synagogue and the Christian chapel of Dura-Europos.

He taught New Testament Studies at the Yale University and established the department of Near Eastern languages and Civilizations there.

[1] Kraeling served as the president of the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR) from 1949 to 1954.

He supported the continued study of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and encouraged humanitarian awareness for Near Eastern refugees during a turbulent period in the area's history.

He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1958.