The Cohors XX Palmyrenorum ("20th Cohort of Palmyrenes") was an auxiliary cohort of the Roman Imperial army.

It was a cohors equitata milliaria, mixed infantry and cavalry regiment, originally recruited from the inhabitants of Palmyra in Roman Syria.

There were also a small number (32–36) of dromedarii forces attached to the infantry.

[1] The unit was probably raised in the late 2nd century, when Palmyra became part of the Roman Empire.

The headquarters of the Cohors XX Palmyrenorum was the Temple of Artemis Azzanathkona aside the Praetorium.