Carl Vilhelm Hartman (19 August 1862 – 19 June 1941), was a Swedish botanist and anthropologist.
Trained as a botanist, Hartman joined Norwegian ethnographer Carl Sofus Lumholtz on a three-year expedition to the Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico.
After completion of his work in Mexico in 1893, Hartman accompanied Lumholtz to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, spending six months organizing exhibits in its anthropological department.
From 1896 to 1898, Hartman led an anthropological expedition to the Central American states of Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala.
In 1901, Hartman published a monograph called "Archaeological Researches in Costa Rica".