Carlos Octaviano da Cunha Vieira (Jundiaí, October 20, 1897 – São Paulo, September 8, 1958) was a Brazilian mammalogist and ornithologist.

[1] After graduating, in 1928, Vieira was hired as Zoological Collection Conservator of the Museu Paulista.

[2] Vieira began his scientific career publishing articles on birds, but his main contributions to zoology were in the field of mammalogy.

Among his many publications between 1940 and 1950, it is noteworthy the "Ensaio monográfico sôbre os Quiropteros do Brasil" (published in 1942) and the "Lista remissiva dos mamíferos do Brasil" (published in 1955).

[4] Vieira has described a species of bat (Neoplatymops mattogrossensis), a subspecies of bat (Thyroptera tricolor juquiaensis),[3] and a subspecies of coati (Nasua nasua aricana).