Carmania (Ancient Greek: Καρμανία, romanized: Karmanía, Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎶𐎴𐎠, romanized: Karmanā,[2] Middle Persian: Kirmān[3]) is a historical region that approximately corresponds to the current province of Kerman, Iran, and was a province of many Iranic empires such as Medes, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empire.

[4] In the Early Bronze Age, late third millennium BC, it is postulated that the Jiroft culture developed and flourished in the region of Carmania.

[6] According to the 5th century BC Greek historian Ctesias, Cyrus, on his deathbed, appointed his son Bardiya as governor of the Bactrians, Chorasmians, Parthians, and Carmanians.

[6] During the reign of Darius I, the Royal Road was built in Carmania,[2] and the region was administered as a sub-province of the province of Persia.

[3] It has been suggested that, due to an anachronism on behalf of Ctesias, Carmania may have become a separate province by the time of Artaxerxes II, in the late 5th century BC.

[11] In 205 BC, Antiochus III, returning from India by way of Gedrosia, wintered in Carmania before continuing his march west.

[3] Ardeshir I also undertook military campaigns in Carmania after his victory over the Arsacid Empire and founded the city of Weh-Ardeshir as an outpost on the trade route to India.

[19] In 644 AD, upon the fall of Spahan, a number of notables fled to Carmania and Muslim forces raided the towns of Shiragan and Bam.

[20] Mujashi ibn Mas'ud al-Sulami led the conquest of Carmania and some towns were taken by force whilst others surrendered.

[20] Carmania was noted in Antiquity for its abundance of a number of mineral resources such as copper, salt, sulphur, ochre, orpiment and agate.

[3] Wines produced in Carmania proper, a cultivated and fertile area, were famous and, alongside other goods, were exported through Hormuz, the principal port within the region.

[23] Carmanians (Ancient Greek: Καρμάνιοι Karmánioi, Καρμανιτοι Karmanitoi,[3] or Γερμάνιοι Germanioi,[24] Latin: Carmanii)[25] were the inhabitants of the region of Carmania during Antiquity, who were a warlike people who practised cannibalism, according to Strabo.