University of Nebraska–Lincoln Carrie Adeline Barbour (October 1, 1861 – June 9, 1942) was an American paleontologist and educator.

[1] She grew up near Oxford, Ohio, and, as a child, became interested in art and science while sketching and collecting items for her mother's herbarium.

[2][1][3] Although wood carving and art remained an interest throughout her life, Barbour's career shifted to focus on paleontology under her brother's guidance.

In 1893, she continued to teach china painting for the art department and became assistant curator of paleontology at the University of Nebraska State Museum, a position she held for 48 years.

[2][1][3][4] She may have been the first woman employed and paid as a paleontologist in the United States[5] Barbour participated in the fieldwork.