Carrie Williams Clifford

[1] In 1908, she moved with her husband and two children, Maurice and Joshua, to Washington, D.C.[1] Clifford died on November 10, 1934,[3] and was buried at Woodland Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio.

[4] While living in Cleveland, Clifford founded the Minerva Reading Club, which discussed current social problems.

[5] Once she moved to Washington, D.C., she hosted regular Sunday evening gatherings, frequented by DuBois and other black activists involved in the Harlem Renaissance like Mary Church Terrell.

[5] When the NAACP grew out of the Niagara Movement, Clifford transitioned into the new organization, serving on the central leadership committee and as a leader of the group's work on children's issues.

Beyond being the organization's president, Clifford further contributed to the Ohio Federation of Colored Women's Clubs by editing their recurring publication and an essay collection.

portrait photograph of Carrie Williams Clifford, looking off to the left
Clifford, in Race Rhymes (1911)