[2] The symptoms of CarVY in carrot foliage may include chlorotic mottle (irregular small yellow patches), marginal leaflet necrosis or reddening, generalised chlorosis of leaves, and plant stunting.

Over time, this energy depletion leads to necrosis in the infected area where the virus is replicating itself.

[4] Additionally, the infected plant can portray a ‘feathery’ appearance due to an increase in the subdivisions of the carrot leaflets.

Additionally, growers routinely stop adding fertilizers at the end of each growing season to reduce post-harvest carrot disorders.

Furthermore, in plants infected early, the tops of the roots tend to emerge from the soil and become exposed to the sun.

Instead of its normal circular shape, carrots exhibit a star-like vascular cambium consisting of multiple contortions.

The severe root defomalities associated with early virus infection make the carrots unmarketable.

Carrots infected later in the growth cycle do not display such dramatic deformations, but are still considered less-desirable and are sold and a significantly lower price.

[6] Their flexuous virions can be easily identified in infected carrot leaf samples using electron microscopy.

Noncirculative viruses are associated with the mouthparts and foregut, giving them a more superficial and transient relationship with the vector.

Aphids can facilitate the uptake and delivery of virions into plant cells without causing too much irreversible damage to the host.

[9] The purpose of the second step of transmission is the stable retention of acquired virions in the vector at specific sites.

A virus destined for inoculation is retained at sites within the stylet and food canal, or in the foregut.

Inoculation consists of the release of bound or retained virions and their delivery to a site of infection.

Salivation may be important in enhancing the release of bound virions and their delivery into plant cells.

In states where carrot growing is restricted to the summer or winter months, the incidence of CarVY was greatly reduced.

The study illustrates that virus carryover can be greatly diminished when there is a break in carrot production.

[11] When it comes to the control of CarVY, the key measures include avoiding spread from nearby infected carrot crops, minimizing spread from volunteer carrots, and introducing non-host rotational crops.

Another control method consists of manipulating the planting date of carrot crops in order to avoid exposure to peak aphid populations.

When plants are at their most vulnerable growth stage, the symptoms of the virus become more severe as the crops develop.