Carterville (or Cartersville) is an unincorporated community in Rosebud County, Montana, United States.

[1] Carterville (variant name Cartersville) was platted with streets and lots early in the 1900s.

[4] Farmers and ranchers in the area continue to benefit from the Carterville Irrigation Dam Project, supplying a canal of water originating at a diversion dam in the Yellowstone River in Forsyth, Montana.

The canal is 27 miles long, and serves 9,793 acres planted in alfalfa, corn, wheat, and other grains.

The community was named for Thomas H. Carter, a United States Senator from Montana who owned land there.