The western border of the municipal area is formed by the river Randow, in the north the area of the small town of Penkun in Western Pomerania borders on Casekow.

From the west the terrain rises from the Randowbruch over a forested terminal moraine (Blumberger Wald) by about 40 meters.

Numerous small lakes and ponds lie in the depressions of the hilly area.

Casekow is surrounded by the neighboring communities of Penkun to the north, Tantow and Gartz (Oder) to the northeast, Hohenselchow-Groß Pinnow to the east, Schwedt/Oder to the south, Zichow to the southwest, Gramzow to the west, and Randowtal to the northwest.

From 1720 to 1945, it was part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania, from 1945 to 1952 of the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, from 1952 to 1990 of the Bezirk Frankfurt of East Germany and since 1990 of Brandenburg.