A number of important finds have been associated with the site, most particularly several examples of Mississippian stone statuary and the Castalian Springs shell gorget held by the National Museum of the American Indian.

The Castalian Springs site is the largest of four Mississippian mound centers on the eastern edge of the Nashville basin, located on a flood terrace of a tributary creek of the Cumberland River.

Scattered throughout the area archaeologists have also found stone box graves, mortuary caves and other features thought to be associated with the Castalian Springs site.

[1] The karst terrain of the area produced numerous small caves, one of which is located a few hundred yards west of the Castalian Springs site.

[6] In the early 1890s and again in 1916–1917, amateur archaeologist William E. Myer (later a “special archeologist” with the Smithsonian[7]) excavated parts of the site, including the stone box graves.

The iconography is very similar to depictions of the falcon dancer found on Mississippian copper plates excavated from locations across the Midwest and Southeast.

[12] Another more famous engraved stone, the Thruston tablet, was found a short distance away from Castalian Springs site in 1878 on the banks of Rocky Creek in what is now Trousdale County, Tennessee.

The most important of the gorgets is carved in what is known as the Eddyville or Braden style, believed to have been associated with the Cahokia polity near Collinsville, Illinois.

[13][15] In 2005 a waterline replacement crew working on the right of way of State Route 25 discovered an intact Cox style gorget carved from a dark gray shale.

This type of Mississippian culture pottery is typically associated with Angel phase sites along the Ohio River.