Castelfranco Emilia (Western Bolognese: Castèl; Modenese: Castèlfrànc) is a town and comune in Modena, Emilia-Romagna, north-central Italy.

Castelfranco either occupies or lies near the site of the ancient Forum Gallorum, a place on the via Aemilia between Modena and Bologna.

Near the town, on 14 April 43 BC, Octavian and Hirtius defeated Mark Antony in a battle during the War of Mutina.

[5] A fortress was built just outside the town in 1628–34 by Pope Urban VIII as a northern defensive bastion for the Papal States.

The church of Santa Maria Assunta houses Assumption of the Virgin by Guido Reni.