The first church in Santiago was built in 1514, at the beginning of the Spanish colonization of Cuba, and dedicated to Saint Catherine.

This was a small, rudimentary chapel on a hill, the future site of the provincial prison.

In 1522, this parish church, called Ermita de Santa Catalina, was elevated to the status of cathedral by Pope Adrian VI.

In the late 19th century, Juan Perpiñan y Pibernat presided over the Sacrament of Penance at the cathedral by royal decree from Spain.

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