[2] Following the Christianization of Malta and Gozo, the temple was converted into a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

Later on, a Byzantine church was probably built on the site of the temple, until it was destroyed while Malta was under Arab rule.

The earliest reference to a parish church within the Cittadella dates back to 1299, and it was enlarged over the course of the 15th and 16th centuries.

[4] The foundation stone of the present church was laid down on 21 September 1697, and the building was designed by the Maltese architect Lorenzo Gafà.

[3] The church was elevated to a cathedral when it became the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo, on 16 September 1864.