In 1990 she began a French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) position at the University of Rennes where she was promoted to Directeur de Recherche in 1998.
[1] In 2011, Chauvel was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union who cited her "for key contributions to understanding mantle evolution by isotope studies of oceanic basalts and linking subducted sediments to arc magmas".
[5] Her subsequent research used neodymium isotopes to date continental crust in Canada[6] and komatiites at Kambalda, Western Australia.
[11][12] Chauvel's research using hafnium and neodymium isotopes in oceanic basalt determined the composition of material which is recycled in the subsurface.
[13][14] Following the April 2019 fire at Notre Dame, Chauvel was part of the group that used lead levels in honey to track the fallout from the burned material.