Catoscopium is a genus of haplolepidous mosses (Dicranidae) in the monotypic family Catoscopiaceae and order Catoscopiales.

[1][2][3] It contains only a single species, Catoscopium nigritum.

[4] The family Catoscopiaceae has traditionally been considered part order Bryales.

[1] However, phylogenetic analyses have found Catoscopium to be the earliest branching group in Dicranidae, as part of a grade of protohaplolepidous lineages.

[3][5] Catoscopiaceae is placed in the monotypic order Catoscopiales.