[1] The ecoregion covers an area of 170,405 square kilometers (65,794 sq mi), extending across portions of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey.

Between 400 and 1000 meters elevation, Georgian oak (Quercus iberica), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Picea abies, Abies alba, Alnus glutinosa, Fagus sylvatica, Taxus baccata, Acer pseudoplatanus, Malus sylvestris, Viburnum lantana, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Rhamnus cathartica, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor, Populus alba, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, and Corylus avellana, are the dominant trees, along with sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) in the more humid western mountains.

Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), Picea abies, Abies alba, Alnus glutinosa, Fagus sylvatica, Taxus baccata, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Juniperus communis, and Corylus avellana is dominant between 1000 and 1500 meters elevation, with Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera) dominant in drier areas.

[1] The ecoregion is home to the raptors golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus).

Native water birds include the gadwall (Mareca strepera), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), common pochard (Aythya ferina), greater scaup (Aythya marila), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), and Dalmatian pelican (Pelicanus crispus).