[4] Known from just two localities in northern Madagascar, Caudalejeunea grolleana grows on tree bark and dead wood in undisturbed lowland rainforest.

[1] Caudalejeunea grolleana is a small, olive-green to brownish liverwort that grows in dense mats on tree bark.

[4] The species can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and is monoicous (having both male and female reproductive structures on the same plant).

These reproductive features, combined with the specific leaf and underleaf characteristics, distinguish C. grolleana from related species.

[4] Caudalejeunea grolleana is listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature under criteria B1 and B2cd, based on its small area of occupancy, few known locations, and the decline of its habitat.