[5] Opened in 1879 and rebuilt from 1913 to 1914, the station complex is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and is noted as an example of Federation Free Style architecture.

This building was provided in 1974 and originally served as a ticket office for the Caulfield Racecourse, which is directly adjacent.

[12][13] The journey to Flinders Street railway station is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and takes 19 minutes.

[5] Designed by railway architect J. W. Hardy, the station complex was built in 1913–1914 in the Federation Free Classical style.

[6] The Caulfield Railway Complex has three principal station buildings, a former lamp/store room, and a signal box—all heritage listed.

[6] Unique architectural features in the three red brick station buildings include elaborately decorated parapets and radiating bands of render around the arched openings.

[16] The first station buildings were opened on the site between 1881 and 1883 to coincide with the duplication of track between the city and Oakleigh.

This platform had been used for cargo, postal, farming, and Caulfield Racecourse horse deliveries during its operational life; however, it was decommissioned after the reduction in use.

[20] In conjunction with the Metro Tunnel project, Caulfield station has received upgrades to its heritage structures, platforms, ticketing facilities, and signage.

"[23] On 12 September 1926, the relieving stationmaster, who had been on duty at the time of the crash, shot and killed himself on the island platform.

[26][27] Later that month, a court found the driver and the guard of the Oakleigh train not guilty of manslaughter, with the rider that, "In the opinion of the jury, from the evidence given regarding the running of electric trains, the precautions taken to safeguard the public at this particular point are inadequate, and should be rectified immediately.

[28]"[23] Seven years after the fatal crash, an automatic trip system, which applied the brakes on trains entering a section against a signal, was installed at Caulfield station.

[29][23][30] In 2011, a plaque was unveiled on Platform 4 by the Friends of Cheltenham and Regional Cemeteries in memory of the victims of the crash.

The route 3 tram service operates from nearby Derby road up towards the city and down towards East Malvern.