50, was composed by Heitor Villa-Lobos in 1913 as his first large-scale work, showing the influence of Tchaikovsky.

It was his first large scale orchestral composition,[2][3] written when he had not yet developed a personal style.

[3] The cello concerto was premiered at the Teatro Municipal in Rio de Janeiro on 10 May 1919 with soloist Newton Pádua and the composer conducting.

[1] The concerto is in three movements:[1] It is scored for an orchestra consisting of piccolo, two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, harp and strings.

[3] A CD of both cello concertos combined with the composer's Fantasia for cello and orchestra was released in 2023, with soloist Antonio Meneses and the São Paulo Symphony Orchestra conducted by Isaac Karabtchevsky.