Located at the center of the county, it borders the following townships: A portion of the village of Lore City is located in the southwest corner of Center Township, and the unincorporated community of Kipling lies in the southwestern part of the township.

Leatherwood Creek, a tributary of Wills Creek and part of the Muskingum River watershed, flows through the southern part of the township.

[4] Center Township was organized in 1822, and named for its location near the geographical center of Guernsey County.

[6] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.