The market occupies a rectangle of land which includes Rostov-on-Don's branch of the Russian State University of Trade and Economy [ru], the metochion of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and a Soviet-built two-storey house.
The latter had been a shop, and is an object of architectural and cultural heritage, built in the classical style.
It was built in the first half of the 19th century, to the design of architect Trofim Sharzhinsky.
In 1820 a wooden Gostiny dvor was built on the site to the design of Trofim Sharzhinsky, marking the beginning of the architectural ensemble of the Central Market.
The other two indoor halls and the bell tower were destroyed during the Great Patriotic War by German bombers.