Centru is situated in the center of Romania, within the greater curvature of the Carpathian Mountains, on the upper and middle courses of Mureș and Olt, being crossed by the 25th meridian east and the 46th parallel north.

With an area of 34,082 km2, accounting for 14.3% of the Romanian territory, Centru ranks 5th among the eight development regions.

The Centru region is made up of six counties: Alba, Brașov, Covasna, Harghita, Mureș and Sibiu.

The hydrographic network is rich, consisting of upper and middle courses of Mureș and Olt and their tributaries.

In Bod, Brașov County, the lowest temperature in Romania, −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), was recorded on 25 January 1942.