Cesare I Gonzaga (1530 – 15 February 1575) was count of Guastalla from 1557 until his death.
On 21 May 1558 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops in Lombardy by Philip II.
On 12 March 1560 he married Camilla Borromeo (1536-1583),[1] sister of Charles Borromeo and niece of Giovanni Angelo de' Medici, who had recently been elected Pope with the name of Pius IV.
He founded the Accademia degli Invaghiti in Mantua, in the palace he inherited from his father.
In 1567–68 he moved his court from Mantua to Guastalla, where he remained until his death, employing Francesco da Volterra as his architect and engineer.