Cesvaine (pronunciationⓘ) (German: Seßwegen[3]) is a town in Madona Municipality, Vidzeme Region, Latvia.

During the period before the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century, the territory of modern Cesvaine was part of the Principality of Jersika and was inhabited by ancient Latgalians.

It was first mentioned in written sources in 1209 (Latin: Urbs Zcessowe) in the treaty between bishop Albert of Riga and Visvaldis of Jersika.

In the beginning of the 15th century, a stone castle was built in Cesvaine and the settlement started to grow.

A new period in the history of Cesvaine started in the year 1815 when the settlement and nearby lands were bought by the baron von Wulf.