He soon moved to Providence Plantations which was recently purchased by Roger Williams from the Narragansetts.
Brown also served on a committee determining the governance of the settlement while Roger Williams was in England from 1643 to 1644 gaining an official charter.
Chad Brown assumed the leadership of the First Baptist Church in America, which had been briefly pastored by Roger Williams.
During Brown's pastorship, the church worshipped in a grove or orchard and in the houses of its members, and he remained pastor until his death sometime before 1650.
His remains were initially interred near the corner of College and Benefit Streets, but they were moved in 1792 to the North Burying Ground.