Chaltyr (Russian: Чалтырь, Armenian: Չալթր) is a rural locality (a selo) in Myasnikovsky District of Rostov Oblast, Russia.

Chaltyr was founded in 1779 by Armenian settlers from the Crimea peninsula, whose real birthplace was the capital of medieval Armenia, the city of Ani.

They speak the Nor-Nakhichevan (or Don, Crimean-Ani) dialect of Western Armenian language.

Don Armenians still constitute a large part of the population of Chaltyr village and other settlements of Myasnikovsky District.

[4] At the end of the XIX century, the peasants of Chaltyr village invented a new kind of strong, spring wheat that was called "Chaltyrskaya".