[7] Cham kings studied classical Indian texts, such as the Dharmaśāstra, and inscriptions make reference to Sanskrit literature.

[8] Most preserved manuscripts focus on religious rituals, epic battles and poems, and myths.

[7] Modern Chamic languages have the Southeast Asian areal features of monosyllabicity, tonality, and glottalized consonants.

For the first millennium AD, the Chamic languages were a dialect chain along the Vietnam coast.

The breakup of this chain into distinct languages occurred once the Vietnamese pushed south, causing most Cham to move back into the highlands while some like Phan Rang Cham became a part of the lowland society ruled by the Vietnamese.

[4] The Western Cham people are mostly Muslim[9] and therefore prefer the Arabic script.

[15] There have been efforts to simplify the spelling and to promote learning the script, but these have met with limited success.

[16][17] Traditionally, boys learned the script around the age of twelve when they were old and strong enough to tend to the water buffalo.

Loss of money; Sad for a few days Loss of friends; Sad for a few months Loss of girlfriend; Sad for a few years Loss of mother; Sad for life Lahik jiên; drut druy hadôm harei Lahik sabat; duk duy hadôm bilaan Lahik payô; padrut padruy hadôm thun Lahik Amêk; su-uk su-uôn ha umôr