Chanyuan Treaty
The diplomatic framework itself which set the peace would continue to be emulated throughout East Asia until the establishment of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.
After the Northern Han was destroyed by the Song, the emperor decided to march on Liao holdings in the Sixteen Prefectures.
The Song began to worry that the expedition was not safe for the emperor because the Khitan forces were making serious advances in the Hebei Circuit.
The arrival of the emperor raised the Song troops' morale while ensuring that the ensuing battle would be everlastingly famous.
A Song giant crossbow killed the Liao Khitan leader Xiao Dalin in battle in January 1005.
The dowager empress Ch'eng-t'ien, who was in actual control of the Khitan state at the time, had grown tired of war, and she listened to Wang's proposals.
In the end it was Wang who persuaded the empress to give up on her land claims which ultimately led to the Chanyuan Treaty.
The signing of the Chanyuan Treaty was the first time that the Liao forced the Song, who considered themselves the natural heirs to the Central Kingdom (Zhong Yuan), to recognize them as peers.
Economically, these payments secured the Liao a steady source of income and even helped facilitate trade with its neighbors because it now had more resources to produce goods in which they specialized in.
[4]: 70 The treaty is generally viewed positively for ending large-scale military conflict between the two dynasties and facilitating peaceful relations for decades afterwards.
[4]: 70 This peace lasted until the Alliance Conducted at Sea, through which the Song and the Jurchen Jin agreed to jointly invade the Khitan Liao.
Xi Xia incursions in the northwest (at the urging of the Liao) forced the Song to raise their payments to 300,000 bolts of silk and 200,000 ounces of silver.
This inevitably created a predicament because the original guidelines of the treaty made sure that the Song did not cede any territory to the Liao.
The altering of some details shows a great deal of political boundary maintenance and an attempt at keeping dignity bias, which is prevalent in the Song dynasty faction.
