He was born in Quebec City in 1743, the son of seigneur Charles-François Tarieu de La Naudière, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec.
He joined the Régiment de La Sarre in 1756 and was wounded in the Battle of Sainte-Foy.
The following year, he married Geneviève-Élisabeth, the daughter of Luc de La Corne.
In 1771, he was appointed surveyor general of woods and waters; he refused the offer of a baronetcy for religious reasons.
In 1777, he took part in a military expedition into New York led by Major-General John Burgoyne.