Charles Alderson Janeway (born 1909 in New York City – 1981 in Weston, Massachusetts) was an American pediatrician, medical professor, and clinical researcher.
In recognition of his efforts and dedication, the hospital was named the Dr. Charles Alderson Janeway Child Health Centre.
According to a 2007 biography by physicians Robert J. Haggerty and Frederick H. Lovejoy Jr.: "Janeway built the first department of pediatrics in the nation with subspecialties based upon the new developments in basic sciences.
He traveled widely, taught modern pediatrics to thousands of physicians throughout the developing world, and brought many of them to the U.S. for further training.
His son, Charles Janeway (1943–2003), was an immunologist, noted Yale University medical professor, and member of the National Academy of Sciences, who made significant contributions to the field of innate immune response.