He was considered "one of America's premier internists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries".

[1] Also in 1886, he assumed the post of Chair of Internal Medicine at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College; he continued in that role until 1892.

When the College merged with the New York University School of Medicine in 1898, he became its clinical director.

His grandson Charles Alderson Janeway was an eminent American pediatrician, medical professor, and clinical researcher.

His great-grandson, Charles Alderson Janeway, Jr. was a prominent immunologist and member of the National Academy of Sciences.