Sir Charles Edward Troup KCB KCVO (27 March 1857 – 8 July 1941) was a British civil servant.

He was educated at the local parish school and then read mental philosophy at the University of Aberdeen.

He studied at Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1883, and winning a prize of an essay later published in 1884 as Future of Free Trade.

He became a principal clerk in 1896, and rose to become Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office in 1908, including the peak of the suffragette movement, the First World War and the introduction of regulations under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914, and then the period of police strikes in 1918-19.

He also worked on the special grants committee of the Ministry of Pensions in the 1930s, and was a treasurer of King's College London from 1922 to 1939.