Known as Lord Binning from birth, he was born in 1650, the only son to survive infancy of John Hamilton, 4th Earl of Haddington, and Lady Christian Lindsay.
He did not involve himself actively in politics, but was broadly supportive of his kinsman the Duke of Hamilton's machinations with Lauderdale.
He refused to be a signatory to the Scottish Test Act of 1681 which put him even further from public life.
[2] At Linton Bridge, near Prestonkirk, Haddingtonshire, Charles, fitted up for Gilbert Rule a meeting-house, which was indulged by the privy council on 18 December 1679.
In the terms of the marriage contract, to prevent the Rothes title becoming extinct, it was arranged that any firstborn son would assume the surname Leslie, and be heir to the earldom of Rothes, and any second born son would be heir to the earldom of Haddington.