He studied music with Adolphe Danhauser, Jules Massenet and André Wormser, and served as Danhauser's secretary on a tour through Holland, Belgium and Switzerland to survey systems of music pedagogy in the public schools.
He initiated, in collaboration with Felix Weingartner, the first edition of Hector Berlioz's complete works (1900–1907).
[3] Malherbe was a collector of documents, and acquired, besides thousands of autograph letters, a number of important manuscripts, including the largest extant collection of Beethoven sketches, the autograph scores of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique, two Rameau cantatas, and several Bach cantatas.
[3] He discovered the original orchestral score of Rossini's opera Guillaume Tell at a secondhand book seller's shop.
[9] Malherbe died in Cormeilles, Eure at age 58, and his collection of manuscripts was donated to the Paris Conservatoire.