It was named after Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), the queen consort of Denmark and Norway, (the wife of King Christian V).

[citation needed] CAHS always fields a strong team for the annual Virgin Islands Appellate High School Moot Court Competition held in the territory.

[3] After taking first place in 2013, 2014, and 2015, Charlotte Amalie High School also became the first to claim three consecutive victories in the competition.

The school also has excellent showings in the territorial JROTC Caribbean Drill Competitions, Poetry Out Loud, various Quiz Bowls, and the ever expanding Rock City Classic: Battle of the Bands (current and four-time repeat champions).

[citation needed] The St. Thomas Carnival Queen, for 19 consecutive years (1999-2017), came from Charlotte Amalie High School.