In Sweden, it was not yet permitted for females to study at universities when she emigrated to the United States in 1868.
In America, however, she studied medicine at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, where she graduated as a physician in 1873.
Charlotte Yhlen returned to Sweden, where she applied to practice medicine, but her foreign degree was not accepted there.
The same year, she was elected the first female delegate at the Nordic Science Conference in Copenhagen.
Charlotte Yhlen returned to the United States, where she worked as a physician at the Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia and then with her own practice.