CheMin, short for Chemistry and Mineralogy, is an instrument located in the interior of the Curiosity rover that is exploring the surface of Gale crater on Mars.
[1] CheMin identifies and quantifies the minerals present in rocks and soil delivered to it by the rover's robotic arm.
[2] In addition, CheMin data is useful in the search for potential mineral biosignatures, energy sources for life or indicators for past habitable environments.
[1][2] CheMin aboard the Curiosity rover on Mars won the 2013 NASA Government Invention of the year award.
[1] In operation, the collimated X-ray source produces and directs a beam through a transmission sample cell containing powdered material.