The 2020 census found 2,497 people in the township.

No municipalities are located in Chester Township, although the unincorporated community of Chester is located in the township's center.

[4] The Mound Cemetery Mound, an archaeological site, is located north of Chester; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.