The district was dissolved on January 1, 1967, when the town of Yachiyo was elevated to city status.
Under the Ritsuryō system, Chiba is a district of Shimōsa Province in Tōkai Circuit.
In the Middle Ages, it was home to the Chiba clan in form of the Chiba estate (千葉荘, Chiba no shō; shō[en] were mid-ancient to medieval estates during the transition from centralized rule to feudalism).
During the civil wars of the Sengoku period, most of Shimousa came under control of the Hōjō by the middle of the 16th century, until they were eventually defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
In the establishment of modern municipalities based on European models in 1889, the district was subdivided into one town and 17 villages.