Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
According to Wan Lei, "Statistics showed that the Japanese destroyed 220 mosques and killed countless Hui people by April 1941."
Other policies of deliberate humiliation included soldiers smearing mosques with pork fat, forcing Hui to butcher pigs and feed the soldiers, and forcing Hui girls to supposedly train as geishas and singers but in fact making them serve as sex slaves.
[4] On 10 February 1938, the Legation Secretary of the German Embassy, Rosen, wrote to his Foreign Ministry about a film made in December by Reverend John Magee about the Nanjing Massacre to recommend its purchase.
[5]On December 13, about 30 soldiers came to a Chinese (Hui Muslim) house at #5 Hsing Lu Koo in the southeastern part of Nanking, and demanded entrance.
[7] The Hui Muslim Imam Pusheng Da toured the Middle East to confront the Japanese propagandists in Arab countries and denounce their invasion to the Islamic world.
An eight-month anti-Japanese tour to spread awareness of the war in Muslim nations was undertaken by a Shanghai imam, Da Pusheng.
In response, in the World Islamic Congress in Hejaz, Du openly confronted fake Muslim Japanese agents and exposed them as non-Muslims.
Gandhi and Jinnah met with the Hui Ma Fuliang and the Uyghur Isa Alptekin, as they denounced Japan.
Ma Fuliang, Isa Alptekin, Wang Zengshan, Xue Wenbo, and Lin Zhongming all went to Egypt to denounce Japan in front of the Arab and the Islamic words.
In Shanghai, the Islamic School's directors were hostile to the incitement of subversion, which was motivated by a desire to instigate trouble between Muslims and the government-supported Japanese agent.
[28] Even before the war had begun, the Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhanshan was fighting and severely mauling the Japanese Army in Manchuria.
He pretended to defect to the Japanese, used the money that they had given him to rebuild his army, and fought them again by leading a guerrilla campaign in Suiyuan.
[29] The Japanese themselves noted that Chiang Kai-shek relied upon Muslim generals like Ma Zhanshan and Bai Chongxi during the war.
[31][32] Sven Hedin wrote that Ma Hushan would "certainly obey the summons" to help China against Japan in the war.
[33] In 1937, the Chinese government picked up intelligence that the Japanese planned a puppet Hui Muslim country around Suiyuan and Ningxia and that they had sent agents to the region.
The Yuehua, a Chinese Muslim publication, quoted the Qur'an and the Hadith to justify submitting to Chiang Kai-Shek as the leader of China and as justification for jihad in the war against Japan.
When Japan invaded China in 1937, Hu Songshan ordered for the Chinese flag to be saluted during morning prayer, along with an exhortation to nationalism.
[39][40][38] Ma Hushan, a Chinese Muslim General of the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army), spread anti-Japanese propaganda in Xinjiang and pledged his support to the Kuomintang.
The saying "patriotism is part of iman [faith]" was quoted by Chinese Muslims like Ma Hongdao during the war against Japan.
[42] The Sufi scholar Zhang Chengzhi noted that during the war, Hui Muslims were suspicious of the intentions of Japanese researchers and deliberately concealed important religious information from them when they were interviewed.
The brigade was stationed in eastern Henan and fought a number of battles against the Japanese invaders, who grew to fear the nationalist cavalry unit and called it "Ma's Islamic Division".
When they defeated the Japanese, the Muslim troops killed all of them except for a few prisoners, who were sent back to Qinghai to prove that the Chinese had won.
The stature of Ma Biao rose over his role in the Qinghai–Tibet War, and later in 1937, his battles against the Japanese propelled him to fame nationwide in China.
Chinese Muslim schools used the victory in the war against Tibet to show how they defended the integrity of China's territory, as it had been put into danger since the Japanese invasion.
With brave soldiers like Ma Biao, the Japanese aggressors were sure to meet defeat.A play was written and shown in 1936 to Qinghai's Islam Progressive Council Schools by Shao Hongsi during the war against Tibet.
The Salar Muslim General Han Youwen directed the defense of the city of Xining during the air raids by Japanese planes.
Han survived an aerial bombardment by Japanese planes in Xining while he was being directed via telephone from Ma Bufang, who hid in an air raid shelter in military barracks.
The bombing resulted in human flesh splattering a Blue Sky with a White Sun flag and Han being buried in rubble.
Under orders from the Kuomintang government, Ma Bufang repaired the Yushu airport to prevent Tibetan separatists from formally declaring de jure independence.
It came to the conclusion that the Japanese military spokesman was the only person who was propagating the false assertion that "Chinese Mohammedans" had "racial unity."
