From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese-speaking portions of China.
Chinese Pidgin English was spoken first in the areas of Macao and Guangzhou (City of Canton), later spreading north to Shanghai by the 1830s.
[3] "Yangjing Bang English" (Chinese: 洋涇浜英語; pinyin: Yáng jīng bāng yīngyǔ) derives from the name of a former creek in Shanghai near the Bund where local workers communicated with English-speaking foreigners in pidgin (broken English);[4] Yangjing Bang has since been filled in and is now the eastern part of Yan'an Road, the main east–west artery of central Shanghai.
Chinese Pidgin started in Guangzhou, China, after the English established their first trading port there in 1699.
[10] Kim (2008) says that there is debate among linguists, including Baker, Mühlhäusler, and himself, about whether or not CPE was taken to California by 19th century immigrants.
Furthermore, some diagnostic features of CPE are missing or different from California Chinese Pidgin English.
Many verbs ending in consonants may optionally add a vowel, as in [tek(i)] 'to take' and [slip(a)] 'to sleep'.
[13] Baker and Mühlhäusler point out that Hall's data was taken entirely from native speakers of English, several decades after CPE was widely used.
Aside from these additions, Baker and Mühlhäusler have few revisions to make to the phonological claims Hall made.
Generally speaking, pidgin languages have isolating morphology and so do not inflect nouns and verbs; CPE is no exception.
Prior to 1800, pronouns conformed largely to British and American English paradigms.
[24] The majority of the words used in CPE are derived from English, with influences from Portuguese, Cantonese, Malay, and Hindi.