Peel Island (aka Chichijima) was settled in the early nineteenth century by speakers of eighteen European and Austronesian languages, including American English and Hawaiian.
During the US occupation of 1946–68, the so-called "Navy Generation" learned American English at school, for example developing an /l/–/r/ distinction and a rhotic /r/ that their parents did not have.
Additionally, as Westerners on the islands acquired this koiné as a second language, its influence on the Navy Generation's speech can be seen in their borrowing of English vocabulary and expressions and usage of non-standard Japanese syntax.
On a basic level, it is included under the Shutoken dialect umbrella, which comprises the Japanese spoken in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
[2] In the time period before World War II and the Navy Generation, English and Japanese varieties were used diglossically.
In foundational research on Ogasawara Mixed Language, Long proposed that with the influence of code switching and loan words, there were already many English elements borrowed into the Japanese spoken by native speakers and Westerners on the islands.
As a result, Long hypothesized that Ogasawara Mixed Language was homogenized and formalized by the time the islands were returned to Japan after World War II.