[4] In most cases, the components of the internal structure of a Chinese character are similar to the first-level components in the external structure, for example, the character 江 is decomposed into 氵 and 工 in both analyses.
But, after the long evolution of the Chinese writing system, quite a few components can no longer effectively play the roles.
(Shuowen) 乌 /烏 (crow, a pure black bird), 鳥/鸟 cannot see its eyes.
(Note by Duan Yucai) 冇 (none, not have): 有 (have) taken away "二" (content).
A single phonetic component character can also represent a syllable in a transliterated foreign word, for example, the characters in words "打" (dá, dozen) and "馬達" (mǎdá, motor).
Multi-phonetic component characters were produced during the development of writing systems.
In this way, "新" (xīn) then has two phonetic components: "亲" (qīn) and "斤" (jīn).
"耻” (chǐ, shame) used to be written as 恥 which is a semantic-phonetic character.
Many of them were originally ancient pictographic characters, but due to the evolution of the glyphs, they no longer look like the object represented.
For example: After tracing the origin of these kinds of characters, it is easy to associate them with the things they represent and obtain the correct meanings.
For example: or semantic 老, phonetic 旨 with the upper part omitted.
For example: Due to the simplification of Chinese characters, some phonetic components are no longer effective.
Chinese characters are phonetic and semantic characters, and their rationality is mainly reflected in the use of phonetic components to express sounds and semantic components to express meanings.
Generally speaking, words with higher rationality are easier to learn and use.
Rational characters are easier to learn and often arouse students' interest.
For example: "日 (sun), 月 (moon), 山 (mountain), 水 (water), 牛 (cow), 羊 (sheep), 网 (net), 木 (wood), 目 (eye), 門 (door) and 刀 (knife)” are all pictographic characters from the etymology point of view.
If the teacher makes some etymology analysis with the evolution of glyphs, he/she may achieve twice the result with half the effort.