Chinese vowel diagram

Six vowels or monophthongs (simple rhyme or 單韻) are depicted in this diagram.

The placement of ㄦ([ɚ]) may be questionable, but all other vowels are generally speaking where they ought to be.

They are： The reason why apparent monophthongs ㄩ [y] and ㄝ [e̞] are included in this chart is purely phonological and historical.

The next diagram depicts four rising diphthongs, as follows: The exact number of vowels in Mandarin may vary depending on the phonological theory and methodology.

The major systems for Mandarin (Putonghua) transliteration are listed below The first two vowel columns contain the syllabic consonants (also known as "apical vowels"), often represented as [ɿ] and [ʅ] by sinologists, that appear after apical dental and retroflex fricatives/affricates.