Chirostomias pliopterus is a species of barbeled dragonfish found in the Atlantic Ocean.

This species grows to a length of 20.5 centimetres (8.1 in) SL.

This species is the only described member of its genus.

This scaleless dragonfish was also the first discovered life form to emit a red light, with the second being a siphonophore of the genus Erenna.

Later, related Stomiid genera Aristostomias, Malacosteus and Pachystomias were also found to emit red light.