Christian of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels (17 July 1689 in Wanfried – 21 October 1755 in Eschwege) was a son of Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Wanfried (1649–1711) and his second wife, Countess Alexandrine Juliane of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1651–1703).
As a younger son from his father's second marriage in a Catholic cadet line of the House of Hesse, Christian was originally meant to become a canon in Strasbourg.
His older half-brother, William II, however, appeared in Wanfried in the same year to put forward his own claim to this part of the inheritance.
After the death of his childless half-brother William in 1731, Christian succeeded him as Landgrave in 1732 and moved into the residence at Wanfried.
Although he spent most of his later years in Eschwege, he still frequently visited Wanfried to support the local artisans.
He was engaged to Maria Augusta, the daughter of Prince Anselm Francis of Thurn und Taxis.